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Command Prompt Definitions

Command Definitions

APPEND

Allows programs to open data files in specified directories as if they were in

The current directory.

APPEND [[drive:]path[;...]] [/X[:ON | :OFF]] [/PATH:ON | /PATH:OFF] [/E]

APPEND ;

[drive:]path Specifies a drive and directory to append.

/X:ON Applies appended directories to file searches and

application execution.

/X:OFF Applies appended directories only to requests to open files.

/X:OFF is the default setting.

/PATH:ON Applies appended directories to file requests that already

specify a path. /PATH:ON is the default setting.

/PATH:OFF Turns off the effect of /PATH:ON.

/E Stores a copy of the appended directory list in an environment

variable named APPEND. /E may be used only the first time

you use APPEND after starting your system.

Type APPEND ; to clear the appended directory list.

Type APPEND without parameters to display the appended directory list.

ARP

Displays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by

address resolution protocol (ARP).

ARP -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr]

ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr]

ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr]

-a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current

protocol data. If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical

addresses for only the specified computer are displayed. If

more than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each ARP

table are displayed.

-g Same as -a.

inet_addr Specifies an internet address.

-N if_addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified

by if_addr.

-d Deletes the host specified by inet_addr. inet_addr may be

wildcarded with * to delete all hosts.

-s Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr

with the Physical address eth_addr. The Physical address is

given as 6 hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The entry

is permanent.

eth_addr Specifies a physical address.

if_addr If present, this specifies the Internet address of the

interface whose address translation table should be modified.

If not present, the first applicable interface will be used.

Example:

> arp -s 157.55.85.212 00-aa-00-62-c6-09 .... Adds a static entry.

> arp -a .... Displays the arp table.

ASSOC

Displays or modifies file extension associations

ASSOC [.ext[=[fileType]]]

.ext Specifies the file extension to associate the file type with

fileType Specifies the file type to associate with the file extension

Type ASSOC without parameters to display the current file associations.

If ASSOC is invoked with just a file extension, it displays the current

file association for that file extension. Specify nothing for the file

type and the command will delete the association for the file extension.

The AT command schedules commands and programs to run on a computer at

a specified time and date. The Schedule service must be running to use

the AT command.

AT [\\computername] [ [id] [/DELETE] | /DELETE [/YES]]

AT [\\computername] time [/INTERACTIVE]

[ /EVERY:date[,...] | /NEXT:date[,...]] "command"

\\computername Specifies a remote computer. Commands are scheduled on the

local computer if this parameter is omitted.

id Is an identification number assigned to a scheduled

command.

/delete Cancels a scheduled command. If id is omitted, all the

scheduled commands on the computer are canceled.

/yes Used with cancel all jobs command when no further

confirmation is desired.

time Specifies the time when command is to run.

/interactive Allows the job to interact with the desktop of the user

who is logged on at the time the job runs.

/every:date[,...] Runs the command on each specified day(s) of the week or

month. If date is omitted, the current day of the month

is assumed.

/next:date[,...] Runs the specified command on the next occurrence of the

day (for example, next Thursday). If date is omitted, the

current day of the month is assumed.

"command" Is the Windows NT command, or batch program to be run.

ATTRIB

Displays or changes file attributes.

ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A ] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [drive:][path][filename]

[/S [/D]]

+ Sets an attribute.

- Clears an attribute.

R Read-only file attribute.

A Archive file attribute.

S System file attribute.

H Hidden file attribute.

[drive:][path][filename]

Specifies a file or files for attrib to process.

/S Processes matching files in the current folder

and all subfolders.

/D Processes folders as well.

ATMADM

Windows ATM Call Manager

Usage: atmadm [options]

where options are one or more of:

-c List all connections

-a List all registered addresses

-s Display Statistics

BOOTCFG

BOOTCFG /parameter [arguments]

Description:

This command line tool can be used to configure, query, change or

Delete the boot entry settings in the BOOT.INI file.

Parameter List:

/Copy Makes a copy of an existing boot entry [operating

systems] section for which you can add OS options to.

/Delete Deletes an existing boot entry in the [operating

systems] section of the BOOT.INI file. You must specify

the entry# to delete.

/Query Displays the current boot entries and their settings.

/Raw Allows the user to specify any switch options to be

added for a specified boot entry.

/Timeout Allows the user to change the Timeout value.

/Default Allows the user to change the Default boot entry.

/EMS Allows the user to configure the /redirect switch

for headless support for a boot entry.

/Debug Allows the user to specify the port and baudrate for

remote debugging for a specified boot entry.

/Addsw Allows the user to add predefined switches for

a specific boot entry.

/Rmsw Allows the user to remove predefined switches for a

specific boot entry.

/Dbg1394 Allows the user to configure 1394 port debugging

for a specified boot entry.

/? Displays this help/usage.

Examples:

BOOTCFG /Copy /?

BOOTCFG /Delete /?

BOOTCFG /Query /?

BOOTCFG /Raw /?

BOOTCFG /Timeout /?

BOOTCFG /EMS /?

BOOTCFG /Debug /?

BOOTCFG /Addsw /?

BOOTCFG /Rmsw /?

BOOTCFG /Dbg1394 /?

BOOTCFG /Default /?

BOOTCFG /?

BREAK

Sets or Clears Extended CTRL+C checking on DOS system

BREAK

This is present for Compatibility with DOS systems. It has no effect

under Windows XP.

If Command Extensions are enabled, and running on the Windows XP

platform, then the BREAK command will enter a hard coded breakpoint

if being debugged by a debugger.

CACLS

Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files

CACLS filename [/T] [/E] [/C] [/G user:perm] [/R user [...]]

[/P user:perm [...]] [/D user [...]]

filename Displays ACLs.

/T Changes ACLs of specified files in

the current directory and all subdirectories.

/E Edit ACL instead of replacing it.

/C Continue on access denied errors.

/G user:perm Grant specified user access rights.

Perm can be: R Read

W Write

C Change (write)

F Full control

/R user Revoke specified user's access rights (only valid with /E).

/P user:perm Replace specified user's access rights.

Perm can be: N None

R Read

W Write

C Change (write)

F Full control

/D user Deny specified user access.

Wildcards can be used to specify more that one file in a command.

You can specify more than one user in a command.

Abbreviations:

CI - Container Inherit.

The ACE will be inherited by directories.

OI - Object Inherit.

The ACE will be inherited by files.

IO - Inherit Only.

The ACE does not apply to the current file/directory.

CALL

Calls one batch program from another.

CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters]

batch-parameters Specifies any command-line information required by the

batch program.

If Command Extensions are enabled CALL changes as follows:

CALL command now accepts labels as the target of the CALL. The syntax

is:

CALL :label arguments

A new batch file context is created with the specified arguments and

control is passed to the statement after the label specified. You must

"exit" twice by reaching the end of the batch script file twice. The

first time you read the end, control will return to just after the CALL

statement. The second time will exit the batch script. Type GOTO /?

for a description of the GOTO :EOF extension that will allow you to

"return" from a batch script.

In addition, expansion of batch script argument references (%0, %1,

etc.) have been changed as follows:

%* in a batch script refers to all the arguments (e.g. %1 %2 %3

%4 %5 ...)

Substitution of batch parameters (%n) has been enhanced. You can

now use the following optional syntax:

%~1 - expands %1 removing any surrounding quotes (")

%~f1 - expands %1 to a fully qualified path name

%~d1 - expands %1 to a drive letter only

%~p1 - expands %1 to a path only

%~n1 - expands %1 to a file name only

%~x1 - expands %1 to a file extension only

%~s1 - expanded path contains short names only

%~a1 - expands %1 to file attributes

%~t1 - expands %1 to date/time of file

%~z1 - expands %1 to size of file

%~$PATH:1 - searches the directories listed in the PATH

environment variable and expands %1 to the fully

qualified name of the first one found. If the

environment variable name is not defined or the

file is not found by the search, then this

modifier expands to the empty string

The modifiers can be combined to get compound results:

%~dp1 - expands %1 to a drive letter and path only

%~nx1 - expands %1 to a file name and extension only

%~dp$PATH:1 - searches the directories listed in the PATH

environment variable for %1 and expands to the

drive letter and path of the first one found.

%~ftza1 - expands %1 to a DIR like output line

In the above examples %1 and PATH can be replaced by other

valid values. The %~ syntax is terminated by a valid argument

number. The %~ modifiers may not be used with %*

CD & CHDIR

Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

CHDIR [/D] [drive:][path]

CHDIR [..]

CD [/D] [drive:][path]

CD [..]

.. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.

Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive.

Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory.

Use the /D switch to change current drive in addition to changing current

directory for a drive.

If Command Extensions are enabled CHDIR changes as follows:

The current directory string is converted to use the same case as

the on disk names. So CD C:\TEMP would actually set the current

directory to C:\Temp if that is the case on disk.

CHDIR command does not treat spaces as delimiters, so it is possible to

CD into a subdirectory name that contains a space without surrounding

the name with quotes. For example:

cd \winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu

is the same as:

cd "\winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu"

which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.

CHCP

Displays or sets the active code page number.

CHCP [nnn]

nnn Specifies a code page number.

Type CHCP without a parameter to display the active code page number.

CHKDSK

Checks a disk and displays a status report.

CHKDSK [volume[[path]filename]]] [/F] [/V] [/R] [/X] [/I] [/C] [/L[:size]]

volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),

mount point, or volume name.

filename FAT/FAT32 only: Specifies the files to check for fragmentation.

/F Fixes errors on the disk.

/V On FAT/FAT32: Displays the full path and name of every file

on the disk.

On NTFS: Displays cleanup messages if any.

/R Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information

(implies /F).

/L:size NTFS only: Changes the log file size to the specified number

of kilobytes. If size is not specified, displays current

size.

/X Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary.

All opened handles to the volume would then be invalid

(implies /F).

/I NTFS only: Performs a less vigorous check of index entries.

/C NTFS only: Skips checking of cycles within the folder

structure.

The /I or /C switch reduces the amount of time required to run Chkdsk by

skipping certain checks of the volume.

CHKNTFS

Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time.

CHKNTFS volume [...]

CHKNTFS /D

CHKNTFS /T[:time]

CHKNTFS /X volume [...]

CHKNTFS /C volume [...]

volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),

mount point, or volume name.

/D Restores the machine to the default behavior; all drives are

checked at boot time and chkdsk is run on those that are

dirty.

/T:time Changes the AUTOCHK initiation countdown time to the

specified amount of time in seconds. If time is not

specified, displays the current setting.

/X Excludes a drive from the default boot-time check. Excluded

drives are not accumulated between command invocations.

/C Schedules a drive to be checked at boot time; chkdsk will run

if the drive is dirty.

If no switches are specified, CHKNTFS will display if the specified drive is

dirty or scheduled to be checked on next reboot.

CIPHER

Displays or alters the encryption of directories [files] on NTFS partitions.

CIPHER [/E | /D] [/S:directory] [/A] [/I] [/F] [/Q] [/H] [pathname [...]]

CIPHER /K

CIPHER /R:filename

CIPHER /U [/N]

CIPHER /W:directory

CIPHER /X[:efsfile] [filename]

/A Operates on files as well as directories. The encrypted file

could become decrypted when it is modified if the parent

directory is not encrypted. It is recommended that you encrypt

the file and the parent directory.

/D Decrypts the specified directories. Directories will be marked

so that files added afterward will not be encrypted.

/E Encrypts the specified directories. Directories will be marked

so that files added afterward will be encrypted.

/F Forces the encryption operation on all specified objects, even

those which are already encrypted. Already-encrypted objects

are skipped by default.

/H Displays files with the hidden or system attributes. These

files are omitted by default.

/I Continues performing the specified operation even after errors

have occurred. By default, CIPHER stops when an error is

encountered.

/K Creates new file encryption key for the user running CIPHER. If

this option is chosen, all the other options will be ignored.

/N This option only works with /U. This will prevent keys being

updated. This is used to find all the encrypted files on the

local drives.

/Q Reports only the most essential information.

/R Generates an EFS recovery agent key and certificate, then writes

them to a .PFX file (containing certificate and private key) and

a .CER file (containing only the certificate). An administrator

may add the contents of the .CER to the EFS recovery policy to

create the recovery agent for users, and import the .PFX to

recover individual files.

/S Performs the specified operation on directories in the given

directory and all subdirectories.

/U Tries to touch all the encrypted files on local drives. This will

update user's file encryption key or recovery agent's key to the

current ones if they are changed. This option does not work with

other options except /N.

/W Removes data from available unused disk space on the entire

volume. If this option is chosen, all other options are ignored.

The directory specified can be anywhere in a local volume. If it

is a mount point or points to a directory in another volume, the

data on that volume will be removed.

/X Backup EFS certificate and keys into file filename. If efsfile is

provided, the current user's certificate(s) used to encrypt the

file will be backed up. Otherwise, the user's current EFS

certificate and keys will be backed up.

directory A directory path.

filename A filename without extensions.

pathname Specifies a pattern, file or directory.

efsfile An encrypted file path.

Used without parameters, CIPHER displays the encryption state of

the current directory and any files it contains. You may use multiple

directory names and wildcards. You must put spaces between multiple

parameters.

CLS

Clears the screen.

CLS

CMD

Starts a new instance of the Windows XP command interpreter

CMD [/A | /U] [/Q] [/D] [/E:ON | /E:OFF] [/F:ON | /F:OFF] [/V:ON | /V:OFF]

[[/S] [/C | /K] string]

/C Carries out the command specified by string and then terminates

/K Carries out the command specified by string but remains

/S Modifies the treatment of string after /C or /K (see below)

/Q Turns echo off

/D Disable execution of AutoRun commands from registry (see below)

/A Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be ANSI

/U Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be

Unicode

/T:fg Sets the foreground/background colors (see COLOR /? for more info)

/E:ON Enable command extensions (see below)

/E:OFF Disable command extensions (see below)

/F:ON Enable file and directory name completion characters (see below)

/F:OFF Disable file and directory name completion characters (see below)

/V:ON Enable delayed environment variable expansion using ! as the

delimiter. For example, /V:ON would allow !var! to expand the

variable var at execution time. The var syntax expands variables

at input time, which is quite a different thing when inside of a FOR

loop.

/V:OFF Disable delayed environment expansion.

Note that multiple commands separated by the command separator '&&'

are accepted for string if surrounded by quotes. Also, for compatibility

reasons, /X is the same as /E:ON, /Y is the same as /E:OFF and /R is the

same as /C. Any other switches are ignored.

If /C or /K is specified, then the remainder of the command line after

the switch is processed as a command line, where the following logic is

used to process quote (") characters:

1. If all of the following conditions are met, then quote characters

on the command line are preserved:

- no /S switch

- exactly two quote characters

- no special characters between the two quote characters,

where special is one of: &<>()@^|

- there are one or more whitespace characters between the

the two quote characters

- the string between the two quote characters is the name

of an executable file.

2. Otherwise, old behavior is to see if the first character is

a quote character and if so, strip the leading character and

remove the last quote character on the command line, preserving

any text after the last quote character.

If /D was NOT specified on the command line, then when CMD.EXE starts, it

looks for the following REG_SZ/REG_EXPAND_SZ registry variables, and if

either or both are present, they are executed first.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun

and/or

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun

Command Extensions are enabled by default. You may also disable

extensions for a particular invocation by using the /E:OFF switch. You

can enable or disable extensions for all invocations of CMD.EXE on a

machine and/or user logon session by setting either or both of the

following REG_DWORD values in the registry using REGEDT32.EXE:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\EnableExtensions

and/or

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\EnableExtensions

to either 0x1 or 0x0. The user specific setting takes precedence over

the machine setting. The command line switches take precedence over the

registry settings.

The command extensions involve changes and/or additions to the following

commands:

DEL or ERASE

COLOR

CD or CHDIR

MD or MKDIR

PROMPT

PUSHD

POPD

SET

SETLOCAL

ENDLOCAL

FOR

CALL

SHIFT

GOTO

START (also includes changes to external command invocation)

ASSOC

FTYPE

To get specific details, type commandname /? to view the specifics.

Delayed environment variable expansion is NOT enabled by default. You

can enable or disable delayed environment variable expansion for a

particular invocation of CMD.EXE with the /V:ON or /V:OFF switch. You

can enable or disable completion for all invocations of CMD.EXE on a

machine and/or user logon session by setting either or both of the

following REG_DWORD values in the registry using REGEDT32.EXE:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\DelayedExpansion

and/or

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\DelayedExpansion

to either 0x1 or 0x0. The user specific setting takes precedence over

the machine setting. The command line switches take precedence over the

registry settings.

If delayed environment variable expansion is enabled, then the exclamation

character can be used to substitute the value of an environment variable

at execution time.

File and Directory name completion is NOT enabled by default. You can

enable or disable file name completion for a particular invocation of

CMD.EXE with the /F:ON or /F:OFF switch. You can enable or disable

completion for all invocations of CMD.EXE on a machine and/or user logon

session by setting either or both of the following REG_DWORD values in

the registry using REGEDT32.EXE:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\CompletionChar

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\PathCompletionChar

and/or

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\CompletionChar

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\PathCompletionChar

with the hex value of a control character to use for a particular

function (e.g. 0x4 is Ctrl-D and 0x6 is Ctrl-F). The user specific

settings take precedence over the machine settings. The command line

switches take precedence over the registry settings.

If completion is enabled with the /F:ON switch, the two control

characters used are Ctrl-D for directory name completion and Ctrl-F for

file name completion. To disable a particular completion character in

the registry, use the value for space (0x20) as it is not a valid

control character.

Completion is invoked when you type either of the two control

characters. The completion function takes the path string to the left

of the cursor appends a wild card character to it if none is already

present and builds up a list of paths that match. It then displays the

first matching path. If no paths match, it just beeps and leaves the

display alone. Thereafter, repeated pressing of the same control

character will cycle through the list of matching paths. Pressing the

Shift key with the control character will move through the list

backwards. If you edit the line in any way and press the control

character again, the saved list of matching paths is discarded and a new

one generated. The same occurs if you switch between file and directory

name completion. The only difference between the two control characters

is the file completion character matches both file and directory names,

while the directory completion character only matches directory names.

If file completion is used on any of the built in directory commands

(CD, MD or RD) then directory completion is assumed.

The completion code deals correctly with file names that contain spaces

or other special characters by placing quotes around the matching path.

Also, if you back up, then invoke completion from within a line, the

text to the right of the cursor at the point completion was invoked is

discarded.

The special characters that require quotes are:

<space>

&()[]{}^=;!'+,`~

CMSTP

Installs or removes a Connection Manager service profile.

Used without optional parameters, cmstp installs a service profile with default

settings appropriate to the operating system and to the user's permissions.

ServiceProfileFileName.exe /q:a

/c:"cmstp.exe ServiceProfileFileName.inf [/nf] [/ni] [/ns] [/s] [/su] [/u]"

cmstp.exe [/nf] [/ni] [/ns] [/s] [/su] [/u]

"[Drive:][Path]ServiceProfileFileName.inf"

ServiceProfileFileName.exe : Required for Syntax 1 but not valid for Syntax 2.

Specifies, by name, the installation package that contains the

profile that you want to install.

/q:a Required for Syntax 1 but not valid for Syntax 2.

Specifies that the profile should be installed without prompting the user.

The verification message that the installation has succeeded will still appear.

[Drive:][Path]ServiceProfileFileName.inf : Required. Specifies, by name,

the configuration file that determines how the profile should be installed.

The [Drive:][Path] parameter is not valid for Syntax 1.

/nf Specifies that the support files should not be installed.

/ni Specifies that a desktop icon should not be created.

This parameter is only valid for Windows 95, 98, NT 4.0, or Windows ME.

/ns Specifies that a desktop shortcut should not be created.

This parameter is only valid for Windows 2000 or XP.

/s Specifies that the service profile should be installed or uninstalled silently

(without prompting for user response or displaying verification message).

this is the only parameter that you can use in combination with /u.

/su Specifies that the service profile should be installed for a single user

rather than for all users.

This parameter is only valid for Windows 2000 or XP.

/u Specifies that the service profile should be uninstalled.

/? Displays help at the command prompt.

• Syntax 1 is the typical syntax used in a custom installation application.

To use this syntax, you must run cmstp from the directory that

contains the ServiceProfileFileName.exe file.

COLOR

Sets the default console foreground and background colors.

COLOR [attr]

attr Specifies color attribute of console output

Color attributes are specified by TWO hex digits -- the first

corresponds to the background; the second the foreground. Each digit

can be any of the following values:

0 = Black 8 = Gray Also See: 7.4 Color Codes

1 = Blue 9 = Light Blue

2 = Green A = Light Green

3 = Aqua B = Light Aqua

4 = Red C = Light Red

5 = Purple D = Light Purple

6 = Yellow E = Light Yellow

7 = White F = Bright White

If no argument is given, this command restores the color to what it was

when CMD.EXE started. This value either comes from the current console

window, the /T command line switch or from the DefaultColor registry

value.

The COLOR command sets ERRORLEVEL to 1 if an attempt is made to execute

the COLOR command with a foreground and background color that are the

same.

Example: "COLOR fc" produces light red on bright white

COMMAND

Starts a new instance of the MS-DOS command interpreter.

COMMAND [[drive:]path] [device] [/E:nnnnn] [/P] [/C string] [/MSG]

[drive:]path Specifies the directory containing COMMAND.COM file.

device Specifies the device to use for command input and output.

/E:nnnnn Sets the initial environment size to nnnnn bytes.

/P Makes the new command interpreter permanent (can't exit).

/C string Carries out the command specified by string, and then stops.

/MSG Specifies that all error messages be stored in memory. You

need to specify /P with this switch.

COMP

Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.

COMP [data1] [data2] [/D] [/A] [/L] [/N=number] [/C] [/OFF[LINE]]

data1 Specifies location and name(s) of first file(s) to compare.

data2 Specifies location and name(s) of second files to compare.

/D Displays differences in decimal format.

/A Displays differences in ASCII characters.

/L Displays line numbers for differences.

/N=number Compares only the first specified number of lines in each file.

/C Disregards case of ASCII letters when comparing files.

/OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.

To compare sets of files, use wildcards in data1 and data2 parameters.

COMPACT

Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions.

COMPACT [/C | /U] [/S[:dir]] [/A] [/I] [/F] [/Q] [filename [...]]

/C Compresses the specified files. Directories will be marked

so that files added afterward will be compressed.

/U Uncompresses the specified files. Directories will be marked

so that files added afterward will not be compressed.

/S Performs the specified operation on files in the given

directory and all subdirectories. Default "dir" is the

current directory.

/A Displays files with the hidden or system attributes. These

files are omitted by default.

/I Continues performing the specified operation even after errors

have occurred. By default, COMPACT stops when an error is

encountered.

/F Forces the compress operation on all specified files, even

those which are already compressed. Already-compressed files

are skipped by default.

/Q Reports only the most essential information.

filename Specifies a pattern, file, or directory.

Used without parameters, COMPACT displays the compression state of

the current directory and any files it contains. You may use multiple

filenames and wildcards. You must put spaces between multiple

parameters.

CONVERT

Converts FAT volumes to NTFS.

CONVERT volume /FS:NTFS [/V] [/CvtArea:filename] [/NoSecurity] [/X]

volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),

mount point, or volume name.

/FS:NTFS Specifies that the volume is to be converted to NTFS.

/V Specifies that Convert should be run in verbose mode.

/CvtArea:filename

Specifies a contiguous file in the root directory to be

the place holder for NTFS system files.

/NoSecurity Specifies the converted files and directories security

settings to be accessible by everyone.

/X Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary.

All opened handles to the volume would then be invalid.

COPY

Copies one or more files to another location.

COPY [/D] [/V] [/N] [/Y | /-Y] [/Z] [/A | /B ] source [/A | /B]

[+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]] [destination [/A | /B]]

source Specifies the file or files to be copied.

/A Indicates an ASCII text file.

/B Indicates a binary file.

/D Allow the destination file to be created decrypted

destination Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new file(s).

/V Verifies that new files are written correctly.

/N Uses short filename, if available, when copying a file with a

non-8dot3 name.

/Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an

existing destination file.

/-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an

existing destination file.

/Z Copies networked files in restartable mode.

The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable.

This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line. Default is

to prompt on overwrites unless COPY command is being executed from

within a batch script.

To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files

for source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format).

CSCRIPT

Microsoft (R) Windows Script Host

Usage: CScript scriptname.extension [option...] [arguments...]

Options:

//B Batch mode: Suppresses script errors and prompts from displaying

//D Enable Active Debugging

//E:engine Use engine for executing script

//H:CScript Changes the default script host to CScript.exe

//H:WScript Changes the default script host to WScript.exe (default)

//I Interactive mode (default, opposite of //B)

//Job:xxxx Execute a WSF job

//Logo Display logo (default)

//Nologo Prevent logo display: No banner will be shown at execution time

//S Save current command line options for this user

//T:nn Time out in seconds: Maximum time a script is permitted to run

//X Execute script in debugger

//U Use Unicode for redirected I/O from the console

DATE

Displays or sets the date.

DATE [/T | date]

Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting and

a prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same date.

If Command Extensions are enabled the DATE command supports

the /T switch which tells the command to just output the

current date, without prompting for a new date.

DEBUG

Runs Debug, a program testing and editing tool.

DEBUG [[drive:][path]filename [testfile-parameters]]

[drive:][path]filename Specifies the file you want to test.

testfile-parameters Specifies command-line information required by

the file you want to test.

After Debug starts, type ? to display a list of debugging commands.

DEL & ERASE

Deletes one or more files.

DEL [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names

ERASE [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names

names Specifies a list of one or more files or directories.

Wildcards may be used to delete multiple files. If a

directory is specified, all files within the directory

will be deleted.

/P Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file.

/F Force deleting of read-only files.

/S Delete specified files from all subdirectories.

/Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to delete on global wildcard

/A Selects files to delete based on attributes

attributes R Read-only files S System files

H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving

- Prefix meaning not

If Command Extensions are enabled DEL and ERASE change as follows:

The display semantics of the /S switch are reversed in that it shows

you only the files that are deleted, not the ones it could not find.

EVENTCREATE

This command line tool enables an administrator to create

a custom event ID and message in a specified event log.

EVENTCREATE [/S system [/U username [/P [password]]]] /ID eventid

[/L logname] [/SO srcname] /T type /D description

/S system Specifies the remote system to connect to.

/U [domain\]user Specifies the user context under which

the command should execute.

/P [password] Specifies the password for the given

user context. Prompts for input if omitted.

/L logname Specifies the event log to create

an event in.

/T type Specifies the type of event to create.

Valid types: ERROR, WARNING, INFORMATION.

/SO source Specifies the source to use for the

event. A valid source can be any string

and should represent the application or

component that is generating the event.

/ID id Specifies the event ID for the event. A

valid custom message ID is in the range

of 1 - 1000.

/D description Specifies the description to be set for

the newly creating event.

/? Displays this help/usage.

EVENTCREATE /T ERROR /ID 100

/L APPLICATION /D "Create an event in application log"

EVENTCREATE /T ERROR /ID 999 /L APPLICATION

/SO WinWord /D "new source Winword in application log"

EVENTCREATE /S system /T ERROR /ID 100

/L APPLICATION /D "Remote system without user credentials"

EVENTCREATE /S system /U user /P password /ID 100 /T ERROR

/L APPLICATION /D "Remote machine with user credentials"

EVENTCREATE /S system /U domain\user /ID 100 /T WARNING

/SO MyBatchFile.cmd /D "Maintenance script user logon failed"

DIR

Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.

DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/A[[:]attributes]] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/L] [/N]

[/O[[:]sortorder]] [/P] [/Q] [/S] [/T[[:]timefield]] [/W] [/X] [/4]

[drive:][path][filename]

Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list.

/A Displays files with specified attributes.

attributes D Directories R Read-only files

H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving

S System files - Prefix meaning not

/B Uses bare format (no heading information or summary).

/C Display the thousand separator in file sizes. This is the

default. Use /-C to disable display of separator.

/D Same as wide but files are list sorted by column.

/L Uses lowercase.

/N New long list format where filenames are on the far right.

/O List by files in sorted order.

sortorder N By name (alphabetic) S By size (smallest first)

E By extension (alphabetic) D By date/time (oldest first)

G Group directories first - Prefix to reverse order

/P Pauses after each screenful of information.

/Q Display the owner of the file.

/S Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories.

/T Controls which time field displayed or used for sorting

timefield C Creation

A Last Access

W Last Written

/W Uses wide list format.

/X This displays the short names generated for non-8dot3 file

names. The format is that of /N with the short name inserted

before the long name. If no short name is present, blanks are

displayed in its place.

/4 Displays four-digit years

Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable. Override

preset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for example, /-W.

DEFRAG

Windows Disk Defragmenter

Usage:

defrag [-a] [-f] [-v] [-?]

volume drive letter or mount point (d: or d:\vol\mountpoint)

-a Analyze only

-f Force defragmentation even if free space is low

-v Verbose output

-? Display this help text

DISKCOMP

Compares the contents of two floppy disks.

DISKCOMP [drive1: [drive2:]]

DISKCOPY

Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.

DISKCOPY [drive1: [drive2:]] [/V]

/V Verifies that the information is copied correctly.

The two floppy disks must be the same type.

You may specify the same drive for drive1 and drive2.

DISKPART

Microsoft DiskPart

diskpart [/s <script>] [/?]

/s <script> - Use a DiskPart script.

/? - Show help screen.

DOSKEY

Edits command lines, recalls Windows XP commands, and creates macros.

DOSKEY [/REINSTALL] [/LISTSIZE=size] [/MACROS[:ALL | :exename]]

[/HISTORY] [/INSERT | /OVERSTRIKE] [/EXENAME=exename] [/MACROFILE=filename]

[macroname=[text]]

/REINSTALL Installs a new copy of Doskey.

/LISTSIZE=size Sets size of command history buffer.

/MACROS Displays all Doskey macros.

/MACROS:ALL Displays all Doskey macros for all executables which have

Doskey macros.

/MACROS:exename Displays all Doskey macros for the given executable.

/HISTORY Displays all commands stored in memory.

/INSERT Specifies that new text you type is inserted in old text.

/OVERSTRIKE Specifies that new text overwrites old text.

/EXENAME=exename Specifies the executable.

/MACROFILE=filename Specifies a file of macros to install.

macroname Specifies a name for a macro you create.

text Specifies commands you want to record.

UP and DOWN ARROWS recall commands; ESC clears command line; F7 displays

command history; ALT+F7 clears command history; F8 searches command

history; F9 selects a command by number; ALT+F10 clears macro definitions.

The following are some special codes in Doskey macro definitions:

$T Command separator. Allows multiple commands in a macro.

$1-$9 Batch parameters. Equivalent to %1-%9 in batch programs.

$* Symbol replaced by everything following macro name on command line.

DRIVERQUERY

Enables an administrator to enumerate and display the list of

installed device drivers as well as their properties.

DRIVERQUERY [/S system [/U username [/P [password]]]]

[/FO format] [/NH] [/SI] [/V]

Parameter List:

/S system Specifies the remote system to connect to.

/U [domain\]user Specifies the user context

under which the command should execute.

/P [password] Specify the Password for the given

user context. Prompts for input if omitted.

/FO format Specifies the type of output to display.

Valid values to be passed with the

switch are "TABLE", "LIST", "CSV".

/NH Specifies that the "Column Header"

should not be displayed in the

screen output. Valid for "TABLE"

and "CSV" format only.

/V Displays detailed information. Not valid

for signed drivers.

/SI Provides information about signed drivers.

/? Displays this Help/Usage.

Examples:

DRIVERQUERY

DRIVERQUERY /FO CSV /SI

DRIVERQUERY /NH

DRIVERQUERY /S ipaddress /U user /V

DRIVERQUERY /S system /U domain\user /P password /FO LIST

ECHO

Displays messages, or turns command-echoing on or off.

ECHO [ON | OFF]

ECHO [message]

Type ECHO without parameters to display the current echo setting.

EDIT

MS-DOS Editor

EDIT [/B] [/H] [/R] [/S] [/<nnn>] [/?] [file(s)]

/B - Forces monochrome mode.

/H - Displays the maximum number of lines possible for your hardware.

/R - Load file(s) in read-only mode.

/S - Forces the use of short filenames.

/<nnn> - Load binary file(s), wrapping lines to <nnn> characters wide.

/? - Displays this help screen.

[file] - Specifies initial files(s) to load. Wildcards and multiple

filespecs can be given.

EDLIN

Starts Edlin, a line-oriented text editor.

EDLIN [drive:][path]filename [/B]

/B Ignores end-of-file (CTRL+Z) characters.

ENDLOCAL

Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.

Environment changes made after ENDLOCAL has been issued are

not local to the batch file; the previous settings are not

restored on termination of the batch file.

ENDLOCAL

If Command Extensions are enabled ENDLOCAL changes as follows:

If the corresponding SETLOCAL enable or disabled command extensions

using the new ENABLEEXTENSIONS or DISABLEEXTENSIONS options, then

after the ENDLOCAL, the enabled/disabled state of command extensions

will be restored to what it was prior to the matching SETLOCAL

command execution.

EXIT

Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter) or the current batch

script.

EXIT [/B] [exitCode]

/B specifies to exit the current batch script instead of

CMD.EXE. If executed from outside a batch script, it

will quit CMD.EXE

exitCode specifies a numeric number. if /B is specified, sets

ERRORLEVEL that number. If quitting CMD.EXE, sets the process

exit code with that number.

Compares two files or sets of files and displays the differences between

them

FC [/A] [/C] [/L] [/LBn] [/N] [/OFF[LINE]] [/T] [/U] [/W] [/nnnn]

[drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2

FC /B [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2

/A Displays only first and last lines for each set of differences.

/B Performs a binary comparison.

/C Disregards the case of letters.

/L Compares files as ASCII text.

/LBn Sets the maximum consecutive mismatches to the specified

number of lines.

/N Displays the line numbers on an ASCII comparison.

/OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.

/T Does not expand tabs to spaces.

/U Compare files as UNICODE text files.

/W Compresses white space (tabs and spaces) for comparison.

/nnnn Specifies the number of consecutive lines that must match

after a mismatch.

[drive1:][path1]filename1

Specifies the first file or set of files to compare.

[drive2:][path2]filename2

Specifies the second file or set of files to compare.

FIND

Searches for a text string in a file or files.

FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] [/OFF[LINE]] "string" [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]

/V Displays all lines NOT containing the specified string.

/C Displays only the count of lines containing the string.

/N Displays line numbers with the displayed lines.

/I Ignores the case of characters when searching for the string.

/OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.

"string" Specifies the text string to find.

[drive:][path]filename

Specifies a file or files to search.

If a path is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt

or piped from another command.

FINDSTR

Searches for strings in files.

FINDSTR [/B] [/E] [/L] [/R] [/S] [/I] [/X] [/V] [/N] [/M] [/O] [/P] [/F:file]

[/C:string] [/G:file] [/D:dir list] [/A:color attributes] [/OFF[LINE]]

strings [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]

/B Matches pattern if at the beginning of a line.

/E Matches pattern if at the end of a line.

/L Uses search strings literally.

/R Uses search strings as regular expressions.

/S Searches for matching files in the current directory and all

subdirectories.

/I Specifies that the search is not to be case-sensitive.

/X Prints lines that match exactly.

/V Prints only lines that do not contain a match.

/N Prints the line number before each line that matches.

/M Prints only the filename if a file contains a match.

/O Prints character offset before each matching line.

/P Skip files with non-printable characters.

/OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.

/A:attr Specifies color attribute with two hex digits. See "color /?"

/F:file Reads file list from the specified file(/ stands for console).

/C:string Uses specified string as a literal search string.

/G:file Gets search strings from the specified file(/ stands for console).

/D:dir Search a semicolon delimited list of directories

strings Text to be searched for.

[drive:][path]filename

Specifies a file or files to search.

Use spaces to separate multiple search strings unless the argument is prefixed

with /C. For example, 'FINDSTR "hello there" x.y' searches for "hello" or

"there" in file x.y. 'FINDSTR /C:"hello there" x.y' searches for

"hello there" in file x.y.

Regular expression quick reference:

. Wildcard: any character

* Repeat: zero or more occurances of previous character or class

^ Line position: beginning of line

$ Line position: end of line

[class] Character class: any one character in set

[^class] Inverse class: any one character not in set

[x-y] Range: any characters within the specified range

\x Escape: literal use of metacharacter x

\<xyz Word position: beginning of word

xyz\> Word position: end of word

For full information on FINDSTR regular expressions refer to the online Command

Reference.

FOR

Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.

FOR %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

%variable Specifies a single letter replaceable parameter.

(set) Specifies a set of one or more files. Wildcards may be used.

command Specifies the command to carry out for each file.

command-parameters

Specifies parameters or switches for the specified command.

To use the FOR command in a batch program, specify %%variable instead

of %variable. Variable names are case sensitive, so %i is different

from %I.

If Command Extensions are enabled, the following additional

forms of the FOR command are supported:

FOR /D %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

If set contains wildcards, then specifies to match against directory

names instead of file names.

FOR /R [[drive:]path] %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

Walks the directory tree rooted at [drive:]path, executing the FOR

statement in each directory of the tree. If no directory

specification is specified after /R then the current directory is

assumed. If set is just a single period (.) character then it

will just enumerate the directory tree.

FOR /L %variable IN (start,step,end) DO command [command-parameters]

The set is a sequence of numbers from start to end, by step amount.

So (1,1,5) would generate the sequence 1 2 3 4 5 and (5,-1,1) would

generate the sequence (5 4 3 2 1)

FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters]

FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ("string") DO command [command-parameters]

FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ('command') DO command [command-parameters]

or, if usebackq option present:

FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters]

FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ('string') DO command [command-parameters]

FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (`command`) DO command [command-parameters]

filenameset is one or more file names. Each file is opened, read

and processed before going on to the next file in filenameset.

Processing consists of reading in the file, breaking it up into

individual lines of text and then parsing each line into zero or

more tokens. The body of the for loop is then called with the

variable value(s) set to the found token string(s). By default, /F

passes the first blank separated token from each line of each file.

Blank lines are skipped. You can override the default parsing

behavior by specifying the optional "options" parameter. This

is a quoted string which contains one or more keywords to specify

different parsing options. The keywords are:

eol=c - specifies an end of line comment character

(just one)

skip=n - specifies the number of lines to skip at the

beginning of the file.

delims=xxx - specifies a delimiter set. This replaces the

default delimiter set of space and tab.

tokens=x,y,m-n - specifies which tokens from each line are to

be passed to the for body for each iteration.

This will cause additional variable names to

be allocated. The m-n form is a range,

specifying the mth through the nth tokens. If

the last character in the tokens= string is an

asterisk, then an additional variable is

allocated and receives the remaining text on

the line after the last token parsed.

usebackq - specifies that the new semantics are in force,

where a back quoted string is executed as a

command and a single quoted string is a

literal string command and allows the use of

double quotes to quote file names in

filenameset.

Some examples might help:

FOR /F "eol=; tokens=2,3* delims=, " %i in (myfile.txt) do @echo %i %j %k

would parse each line in myfile.txt, ignoring lines that begin with

a semicolon, passing the 2nd and 3rd token from each line to the for

body, with tokens delimited by commas and/or spaces. Notice the for

body statements reference %i to get the 2nd token, %j to get the

3rd token, and %k to get all remaining tokens after the 3rd. For

file names that contain spaces, you need to quote the filenames with

double quotes. In order to use double quotes in this manner, you also

need to use the usebackq option, otherwise the double quotes will be

interpreted as defining a literal string to parse.

%i is explicitly declared in the for statement and the %j and %k

are implicitly declared via the tokens= option. You can specify up

to 26 tokens via the tokens= line, provided it does not cause an

attempt to declare a variable higher than the letter 'z' or 'Z'.

Remember, FOR variables are single-letter, case sensitive, global,

and you can't have more than 52 total active at any one time.

You can also use the FOR /F parsing logic on an immediate string, by

making the filenameset between the parenthesis a quoted string,

using single quote characters. It will be treated as a single line

of input from a file and parsed.

Finally, you can use the FOR /F command to parse the output of a

command. You do this by making the filenameset between the

parenthesis a back quoted string. It will be treated as a command

line, which is passed to a child CMD.EXE and the output is captured

into memory and parsed as if it was a file. So the following

example:

FOR /F "usebackq delims==" %i IN (`set`) DO @echo %i

would enumerate the environment variable names in the current

environment.

In addition, substitution of FOR variable references has been enhanced.

You can now use the following optional syntax:

%~I - expands %I removing any surrounding quotes (")

%~fI - expands %I to a fully qualified path name

%~dI - expands %I to a drive letter only

%~pI - expands %I to a path only

%~nI - expands %I to a file name only

%~xI - expands %I to a file extension only

%~sI - expanded path contains short names only

%~aI - expands %I to file attributes of file

%~tI - expands %I to date/time of file

%~zI - expands %I to size of file

%~$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH

environment variable and expands %I to the

fully qualified name of the first one found.

If the environment variable name is not

defined or the file is not found by the

search, then this modifier expands to the

empty string

The modifiers can be combined to get compound results:

%~dpI - expands %I to a drive letter and path only

%~nxI - expands %I to a file name and extension only

%~fsI - expands %I to a full path name with short names only

%~dp$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH

environment variable for %I and expands to the

drive letter and path of the first one found.

%~ftzaI - expands %I to a DIR like output line

In the above examples %I and PATH can be replaced by other valid

values. The %~ syntax is terminated by a valid FOR variable name.

Picking upper case variable names like %I makes it more readable and

avoids confusion with the modifiers, which are not case sensitive.

FORMAT

Formats a disk for use with Windows XP.

FORMAT volume [/FS:file-system] [/V:label] [/Q] [/A:size] [/C] [/X]

FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/F:size]

FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/T:tracks /N:sectors]

FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q]

FORMAT volume [/Q]

volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),

mount point, or volume name.

/FS:filesystem Specifies the type of the file system (FAT, FAT32, or NTFS).

/V:label Specifies the volume label.

/Q Performs a quick format.

/C NTFS only: Files created on the new volume will be compressed

by default.

/X Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary. All opened

handles to the volume would no longer be valid.

/A:size Overrides the default allocation unit size. Default settings

are strongly recommended for general use.

NTFS supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K.

FAT supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K,

(128K, 256K for sector size > 512 bytes).

FAT32 supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K,

(128K, 256K for sector size > 512 bytes).

Note that the FAT and FAT32 files systems impose the

following restrictions on the number of clusters on a volume:

FAT: Number of clusters <= 65526

FAT32: 65526 < Number of clusters < 4177918

Format will immediately stop processing if it decides that

the above requirements cannot be met using the specified

cluster size.

NTFS compression is not supported for allocation unit sizes

above 4096.

/F:size Specifies the size of the floppy disk to format (1.44)

/T:tracks Specifies the number of tracks per disk side.

/N:sectors Specifies the number of sectors per track.

FTP

Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service

(sometimes called a daemon). Ftp can be used interactively.

FTP [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a] [-w:windowsize] [-A] [host]

-v Suppresses display of remote server responses.

-n Suppresses auto-login upon initial connection.

-i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file

transfers.

-d Enables debugging.

-g Disables filename globbing (see GLOB command).

-s:filename Specifies a text file containing FTP commands; the

commands will automatically run after FTP starts.

-a Use any local interface when binding data connection.

-A login as anonymous.

-w:buffersize Overrides the default transfer buffer size of 4096.

host Specifies the host name or IP address of the remote

host to connect to.

Notes:

- mget and mput commands take y/n/q for yes/no/quit.

- Use Control-C to abort commands.

Also See: FTP Commands

FTYPE

Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations

FTYPE [fileType[=[openCommandString]]]

fileType Specifies the file type to examine or change

openCommandString Specifies the open command to use when launching files

of this type.

Type FTYPE without parameters to display the current file types that

have open command strings defined. FTYPE is invoked with just a file

type, it displays the current open command string for that file type.

Specify nothing for the open command string and the FTYPE command will

delete the open command string for the file type. Within an open

command string %0 or %1 are substituted with the file name being

launched through the assocation. %* gets all the parameters and %2

gets the 1st parameter, %3 the second, etc. %~n gets all the remaining

parameters starting with the nth parameter, where n may be between 2 and 9,

inclusive. For example:

ASSOC .pl=PerlScript

FTYPE PerlScript=perl.exe %1 %*

would allow you to invoke a Perl script as follows:

script.pl 1 2 3

If you want to eliminate the need to type the extensions, then do the

following:

set PATHEXT=.pl;%PATHEXT%

and the script could be invoked as follows:

script 1 2 3

GOTO

Directs cmd.exe to a labeled line in a batch program.

GOTO label

label Specifies a text string used in the batch program as a label.

You type a label on a line by itself, beginning with a colon.

If Command Extensions are enabled GOTO changes as follows:

GOTO command now accepts a target label of :EOF which transfers control

to the end of the current batch script file. This is an easy way to

exit a batch script file without defining a label. Type CALL /? for a

description of extensions to the CALL command that make this feature

useful.

GRAFTABL

Enable Windows to display an extended character set in graphics mode.

GRAFTABL [xxx]

GRAFTABL /STATUS

xxx Specifies a code page number.

/STATUS Displays the current code page selected for use with GRAFTABL.

HELP

Provides help information for Windows XP commands.

HELP [command]

command - displays help information on that command.

Performs conditional processing in batch programs.

IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL number command

IF [NOT] string1==string2 command

IF [NOT] EXIST filename command

NOT Specifies that Windows XP should carry out

the command only if the condition is false.

ERRORLEVEL number Specifies a true condition if the last program run

returned an exit code equal to or greater than the number

specified.

string1==string2 Specifies a true condition if the specified text strings

match.

EXIST filename Specifies a true condition if the specified filename

exists.

command Specifies the command to carry out if the condition is

met. Command can be followed by ELSE command which

will execute the command after the ELSE keyword if the

specified condition is FALSE

The ELSE clause must occur on the same line as the command after the IF. For

example:

IF EXIST filename. (

del filename.

) ELSE (

echo filename. missing.

)

The following would NOT work because the del command needs to be terminated

by a newline:

IF EXIST filename. del filename. ELSE echo filename. missing

Nor would the following work, since the ELSE command must be on the same line

as the end of the IF command:

IF EXIST filename. del filename.

ELSE echo filename. missing

The following would work if you want it all on one line:

IF EXIST filename. (del filename.) ELSE echo filename. missing

If Command Extensions are enabled IF changes as follows:

IF [/I] string1 compare-op string2 command

IF CMDEXTVERSION number command

IF DEFINED variable command

where compare-op may be one of:

EQU - equal

NEQ - not equal

LSS - less than

LEQ - less than or equal

GTR - greater than

GEQ - greater than or equal

and the /I switch, if specified, says to do case insensitive string

compares. The /I switch can also be used on the string1==string2 form

of IF. These comparisons are generic, in that if both string1 and

string2 are both comprised of all numeric digits, then the strings are

converted to numbers and a numeric comparison is performed.

The CMDEXTVERSION conditional works just like ERRORLEVEL, except it is

comparing against an internal version number associated with the Command

Extensions. The first version is 1. It will be incremented by one when

significant enhancements are added to the Command Extensions.

CMDEXTVERSION conditional is never true when Command Extensions are

disabled.

The DEFINED conditional works just like EXISTS except it takes an

environment variable name and returns true if the environment variable

is defined.

%ERRORLEVEL% will expand into a string representation of

the current value of ERRORLEVEL, provided that there is not already

an environment variable with the name ERRORLEVEL, in which case you

will get its value instead. After running a program, the following

illustrates ERRORLEVEL use:

goto answer%ERRORLEVEL%

:answer0

echo Program had return code 0

:answer1

echo Program had return code 1

You can also using the numerical comparisons above:

IF %ERRORLEVEL% LEQ 1 goto okay

%CMDCMDLINE% will expand into the original command line passed to

CMD.EXE prior to any processing by CMD.EXE, provided that there is not

already an environment variable with the name CMDCMDLINE, in which case

you will get its value instead.

%CMDEXTVERSION% will expand into a string representation of the

current value of CMDEXTVERSION, provided that there is not already

an environment variable with the name CMDEXTVERSION, in which case you

will get its value instead.

IPCONFIG

IP Configuration

IPCONFIG [/? | /all | /renew [adapter] | /release [adapter] |

/flushdns | /displaydns | /registerdns |

/showclassid adapter |

/setclassid adapter [classid] ]

adapter Connection name

(wildcard characters * and ? allowed, see examples)

Options:

/? Display this help message

/all Display full configuration information.

/release Release the IP address for the specified adapter.

/renew Renew the IP address for the specified adapter.

/flushdns Purges the DNS Resolver cache.

/registerdns Refreshes all DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names

/displaydns Display the contents of the DNS Resolver Cache.

/showclassid Displays all the dhcp class IDs allowed for adapter.

/setclassid Modifies the dhcp class id.

The default is to display only the IP address, subnet mask and

default gateway for each adapter bound to TCP/IP.

For Release and Renew, if no adapter name is specified, then the IP address

leases for all adapters bound to TCP/IP will be released or renewed.

For Setclassid, if no ClassId is specified, then the ClassId is removed.

Examples:

> ipconfig ... Show information.

> ipconfig /all ... Show detailed information

> ipconfig /renew ... renew all adapters

> ipconfig /renew EL* ... renew any connection that has its

name starting with EL

> ipconfig /release *Con* ... release all matching connections,

eg. "Local Area Connection 1" or

"Local Area Connection 2"

KB16

Configures a keyboard for a specific language.

KB16 [xx[,[yyy][,[drive:][path]filename]]] [/E] [/ID:nnn]

xx Specifies a two-letter keyboard code.

yyy Specifies the code page for the character set.

[drive:][path]filename Specifies the keyboard definition file.

/E Specifies that an enhanced keyboard is installed.

/ID:nnn Specifies the keyboard in use.

LABEL

Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.

LABEL [drive:][label]

LABEL [/MP] [volume] [label]

drive: Specifies the drive letter of a drive.

label Specifies the label of the volume.

/MP Specifies that the volume should be treated as a

mount point or volume name.

volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),

mount point, or volume name. If volume name is specified,

the /MP flag is unnecessary.

LOADFIX

Loads a program above the first 64K of memory, and runs the program.

LOADFIX [drive:][path]filename

Use LOADFIX to load a program if you have received the message

"Packed file corrupt" when trying to load it in low memory.

MD & MKDIR

Creates a directory.

MKDIR [drive:]path

MD [drive:]path

If Command Extensions are enabled MKDIR changes as follows:

MKDIR creates any intermediate directories in the path, if needed.

For example, assume \a does not exist then:

mkdir \a\b\c\d

is the same as:

mkdir \a

chdir \a

mkdir b

chdir b

mkdir c

chdir c

mkdir d

which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.

MODE

Configures system devices.

Serial port: MODE COMm[:] [BAUD=b] [PARITY=p] [DATA=d] [STOP=s]

[to=on|off] [xon=on|off] [odsr=on|off]

[octs=on|off] [dtr=on|off|hs]

[rts=on|off|hs|tg] [idsr=on|off]

Device Status: MODE [device] [/STATUS]

Redirect printing: MODE LPTn[:]=COMm[:]

Select code page: MODE CON[:] CP SELECT=yyy

Code page status: MODE CON[:] CP [/STATUS]

Display mode: MODE CON[:] [COLS=c] [LINES=n]

Typematic rate: MODE CON[:] [RATE=r DELAY=d]

MEM

Displays the amount of used and free memory in your system.

MEM [/PROGRAM | /DEBUG | /CLASSIFY]

/PROGRAM or /P Displays status of programs currently loaded in memory.

/DEBUG or /D Displays status of programs, internal drivers, and other

information.

/CLASSIFY or /C Classifies programs by memory usage. Lists the size of

programs, provides a summary of memory in use, and lists

largest memory block available.

Displays output one screen at a time.

MORE [/E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n]] < [drive:][path]filename

command-name | MORE [/E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n]]

MORE /E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n] [files]

[drive:][path]filename Specifies a file to display one

screen at a time.

command-name Specifies a command whose output

will be displayed.

/E Enable extended features

/C Clear screen before displaying page

/P Expand FormFeed characters

/S Squeeze multiple blank lines into a single line

/Tn Expand tabs to n spaces (default 8)

Switches can be present in the MORE environment

variable.

+n Start displaying the first file at line n

files List of files to be displayed. Files in the list

are separated by blanks.

If extended features are enabled, the following commands

are accepted at the -- More -- prompt:

P n Display next n lines

S n Skip next n lines

F Display next file

Q Quit

= Show line number

? Show help line

<space> Display next page

<ret> Display next line

MOVE

Moves files and renames files and directories.

To move one or more files:

MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]filename1[,...] destination

To rename a directory:

MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]dirname1 dirname2

[drive:][path]filename1 Specifies the location and name of the file

or files you want to move.

destination Specifies the new location of the file. Destination

can consist of a drive letter and colon, a

directory name, or a combination. If you are moving

only one file, you can also include a filename if

you want to rename the file when you move it.

[drive:][path]dirname1 Specifies the directory you want to rename.

dirname2 Specifies the new name of the directory.

/Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to

overwrite an existing destination file.

/-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite

an existing destination file.

The switch /Y may be present in the COPYCMD environment variable.

This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line. Default is

to prompt on overwrites unless MOVE command is being executed from

within a batch script.

PATH

Displays or sets a search path for executable files.

PATH [[drive:]path[;...][;%PATH%]

PATH ;

Type PATH ; to clear all search-path settings and direct cmd.exe to search

only in the current directory.

Type PATH without parameters to display the current path.

Including %PATH% in the new path setting causes the old path to be

appended to the new setting.

PAUSE

Suspends processing of a batch program and displays the message

Press any key to continue . . .

PAUSE

PING

PING [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS]

[-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]]

[-w timeout] destination-list

Options:

-t Ping the specified host until stopped.

To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break;

To stop - type Control-C.

-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.

-n count Number of echo requests to send.

-l size Send buffer size.

-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.

-i TTL Time To Live.

-v TOS Type Of Service.

-r count Record route for count hops.

-s count Timestamp for count hops.

-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.

-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.

-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.

POPD

Changes to the directory stored by the PUSHD command.

POPD

If Command Extensions are enabled the POPD command will delete

any temporary drive letter created by PUSHD when you POPD that

drive off the pushed directory stack.

Prints a text file.

PRINT [/D:device] [[drive:][path]filename[...]]

/D:device Specifies a print device.

PROMPT

Changes the cmd.exe command prompt.

PROMPT [text]

text Specifies a new command prompt.

Prompt can be made up of normal characters and the following special codes:

$A & (Ampersand)

$B | (pipe)

$C ( (Left parenthesis)

$D Current date

$E Escape code (ASCII code 27)

$F ) (Right parenthesis)

$G > (greater-than sign)

$H Backspace (erases previous character)

$L < (less-than sign)

$N Current drive

$P Current drive and path

$Q = (equal sign)

$S (space)

$T Current time

$V Windows XP version number

$_ Carriage return and linefeed

$$ $ (dollar sign)

If Command Extensions are enabled the PROMPT command supports

the following additional formatting characters:

$+ zero or more plus sign (+) characters depending upon the

depth of the PUSHD directory stack, one character for each

level pushed.

$M Displays the remote name associated with the current drive

letter or the empty string if current drive is not a network

drive.

PUSHD

Stores the current directory for use by the POPD command, then

changes to the specified directory.

PUSHD [path | ..]

path Specifies the directory to make the current directory.

If Command Extensions are enabled the PUSHD command accepts

network paths in addition to the normal drive letter and path.

If a network path is specified, PUSHD will create a temporary

drive letter that points to that specified network resource and

then change the current drive and directory, using the newly

defined drive letter. Temporary drive letters are allocated from

Z: on down, using the first unused drive letter found.

RD & RMDIR

Removes (deletes) a directory.

RMDIR [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path

RD [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path

/S Removes all directories and files in the specified directory

in addition to the directory itself. Used to remove a directory

tree.

/Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to remove a directory tree with /S

RECOVER

Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.

RECOVER [drive:][path]filename

Consult the online Command Reference in Windows XP Help

before using the RECOVER command.

REM

Records comments (remarks) in a batch file or CONFIG.SYS.

REM [comment]

REN & RENAME

Renames a file or files.

RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.

REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.

Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file.

REPLACE

Replaces files.

REPLACE [drive1:][path1]filename [drive2:][path2] [/A] [/P] [/R] [/W]

REPLACE [drive1:][path1]filename [drive2:][path2] [/P] [/R] [/S] [/W] [/U]

[drive1:][path1]filename Specifies the source file or files.

[drive2:][path2] Specifies the directory where files are to be

replaced.

/A Adds new files to destination directory. Cannot

use with /S or /U switches.

/P Prompts for confirmation before replacing a file or

adding a source file.

/R Replaces read-only files as well as unprotected

files.

/S Replaces files in all subdirectories of the

destination directory. Cannot use with the /A

switch.

/W Waits for you to insert a disk before beginning.

/U Replaces (updates) only files that are older than

source files. Cannot use with the /A switch.

SET

Displays, sets, or removes cmd.exe environment variables.

SET [variable=[string]]

variable Specifies the environment-variable name.

string Specifies a series of characters to assign to the variable.

Type SET without parameters to display the current environment variables.

If Command Extensions are enabled SET changes as follows:

SET command invoked with just a variable name, no equal sign or value

will display the value of all variables whose prefix matches the name

given to the SET command. For example:

SET P

would display all variables that begin with the letter 'P'

SET command will set the ERRORLEVEL to 1 if the variable name is not

found in the current environment.

SET command will not allow an equal sign to be part of the name of

a variable.

Two new switches have been added to the SET command:

SET /A expression

SET /P variable=[promptString]

The /A switch specifies that the string to the right of the equal sign

is a numerical expression that is evaluated. The expression evaluator

is pretty simple and supports the following operations, in decreasing

order of precedence:

() - grouping

! ~ - - unary operators

* / % - arithmetic operators

+ - - arithmetic operators

<< >> - logical shift

& - bitwise and

^ - bitwise exclusive or

| - bitwise or

= *= /= %= += -= - assignment

&= ^= |= <<= >>=

, - expression separator

If you use any of the logical or modulus operators, you will need to

enclose the expression string in quotes. Any non-numeric strings in the

expression are treated as environment variable names whose values are

converted to numbers before using them. If an environment variable name

is specified but is not defined in the current environment, then a value

of zero is used. This allows you to do arithmetic with environment

variable values without having to type all those % signs to get their

values. If SET /A is executed from the command line outside of a

command script, then it displays the final value of the expression. The

assignment operator requires an environment variable name to the left of

the assignment operator. Numeric values are decimal numbers, unless

prefixed by 0x for hexadecimal numbers, and 0 for octal numbers.

So 0x12 is the same as 18 is the same as 022. Please note that the octal

notation can be confusing: 08 and 09 are not valid numbers because 8 and

9 are not valid octal digits.

The /P switch allows you to set the value of a variable to a line of input

entered by the user. Displays the specified promptString before reading

the line of input. The promptString can be empty.

Environment variable substitution has been enhanced as follows:

%PATH:str1=str2%

would expand the PATH environment variable, substituting each occurrence

of "str1" in the expanded result with "str2". "str2" can be the empty

string to effectively delete all occurrences of "str1" from the expanded

output. "str1" can begin with an asterisk, in which case it will match

everything from the beginning of the expanded output to the first

occurrence of the remaining portion of str1.

May also specify substrings for an expansion.

%PATH:~10,5%

would expand the PATH environment variable, and then use only the 5

characters that begin at the 11th (offset 10) character of the expanded

result. If the length is not specified, then it defaults to the

remainder of the variable value. If either number (offset or length) is

negative, then the number used is the length of the environment variable

value added to the offset or length specified.

%PATH:~-10%

would extract the last 10 characters of the PATH variable.

%PATH:~0,-2%

would extract all but the last 2 characters of the PATH variable.

Finally, support for delayed environment variable expansion has been

added. This support is always disabled by default, but may be

enabled/disabled via the /V command line switch to CMD.EXE. See CMD /?

Delayed environment variable expansion is useful for getting around

the limitations of the current expansion which happens when a line

of text is read, not when it is executed. The following example

demonstrates the problem with immediate variable expansion:

set VAR=before

if "%VAR%" == "before" (

set VAR=after

if "%VAR%" == "after" @echo If you see this, it worked

)

would never display the message, since the %VAR% in BOTH IF statements

is substituted when the first IF statement is read, since it logically

includes the body of the IF, which is a compound statement. So the

IF inside the compound statement is really comparing "before" with

"after" which will never be equal. Similarly, the following example

will not work as expected:

set LIST=

for %i in (*) do set LIST=%LIST% %i

echo %LIST%

in that it will NOT build up a list of files in the current directory,

but instead will just set the LIST variable to the last file found.

Again, this is because the %LIST% is expanded just once when the

FOR statement is read, and at that time the LIST variable is empty.

So the actual FOR loop we are executing is:

for %i in (*) do set LIST= %i

which just keeps setting LIST to the last file found.

Delayed environment variable expansion allows you to use a different

character (the exclamation mark) to expand environment variables at

execution time. If delayed variable expansion is enabled, the above

examples could be written as follows to work as intended:

set VAR=before

if "%VAR%" == "before" (

set VAR=after

if "!VAR!" == "after" @echo If you see this, it worked

)

set LIST=

for %i in (*) do set LIST=!LIST! %i

echo %LIST%

If Command Extensions are enabled, then there are several dynamic

environment variables that can be expanded but which don't show up in

the list of variables displayed by SET. These variable values are

computed dynamically each time the value of the variable is expanded.

If the user explicitly defines a variable with one of these names, then

that definition will override the dynamic one described below:

%CD% - expands to the current directory string.

%DATE% - expands to current date using same format as DATE command.

%TIME% - expands to current time using same format as TIME command.

%RANDOM% - expands to a random decimal number between 0 and 32767.

%ERRORLEVEL% - expands to the current ERRORLEVEL value

%CMDEXTVERSION% - expands to the current Command Processor Extensions

version number.

%CMDCMDLINE% - expands to the original command line that invoked the

Command Processor.

SETLOCAL

Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file. Environment

changes made after SETLOCAL has been issued are local to the batch file.

ENDLOCAL must be issued to restore the previous settings. When the end

of a batch script is reached, an implied ENDLOCAL is executed for any

outstanding SETLOCAL commands issued by that batch script.

SETLOCAL

If Command Extensions are enabled SETLOCAL changes as follows:

SETLOCAL batch command now accepts optional arguments:

ENABLEEXTENSIONS / DISABLEEXTENSIONS

enable or disable command processor extensions. See

CMD /? for details.

ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION / DISABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION

enable or disable delayed environment variable

expansion. See SET /? for details.

These modifications last until the matching ENDLOCAL command,

regardless of their setting prior to the SETLOCAL command.

The SETLOCAL command will set the ERRORLEVEL value if given

an argument. It will be zero if one of the two valid arguments

is given and one otherwise. You can use this in batch scripts

to determine if the extensions are available, using the following

technique:

VERIFY OTHER 2>nul

SETLOCAL ENABLEEXTENSIONS

IF ERRORLEVEL 1 echo Unable to enable extensions

This works because on old versions of CMD.EXE, SETLOCAL does NOT

set the ERRORLEVEL value. The VERIFY command with a bad argument

initializes the ERRORLEVEL value to a non-zero value.

SHIFT

Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file.

SHIFT [/n]

If Command Extensions are enabled the SHIFT command supports

the /n switch which tells the command to start shifting at the

nth argument, where n may be between zero and eight. For example:

SHIFT /2

would shift %3 to %2, %4 to %3, etc. and leave %0 and %1 unaffected.

SORT

SORT [/R] [/+n] [/M kilobytes] [/L locale] [/REC recordbytes]

[[drive1:][path1]filename1] [/T [drive2:][path2]]

[/O [drive3:][path3]filename3]

/+n Specifies the character number, n, to

begin each comparison. /+3 indicates that

each comparison should begin at the 3rd

character in each line. Lines with fewer

than n characters collate before other lines.

By default comparisons start at the first

character in each line.

/L[OCALE] locale Overrides the system default locale with

the specified one. The ""C"" locale yields

the fastest collating sequence and is

currently the only alternative. The sort

is always case insensitive.

/M[EMORY] kilobytes Specifies amount of main memory to use for

the sort, in kilobytes. The memory size is

always constrained to be a minimum of 160

kilobytes. If the memory size is specified

the exact amount will be used for the sort,

regardless of how much main memory is

available.

The best performance is usually achieved by

not specifying a memory size. By default the

sort will be done with one pass (no temporary

file) if it fits in the default maximum

memory size, otherwise the sort will be done

in two passes (with the partially sorted data

being stored in a temporary file) such that

the amounts of memory used for both the sort

and merge passes are equal. The default

maximum memory size is 90% of available main

memory if both the input and output are

files, and 45% of main memory otherwise.

/REC[ORD_MAXIMUM] characters Specifies the maximum number of characters

in a record (default 4096, maximum 65535).

/R[EVERSE] Reverses the sort order; that is,

sorts Z to A, then 9 to 0.

[drive1:][path1]filename1 Specifies the file to be sorted. If not

specified, the standard input is sorted.

Specifying the input file is faster than

redirecting the same file as standard input.

/T[EMPORARY]

[drive2:][path2] Specifies the path of the directory to hold

the sort's working storage, in case the data

does not fit in main memory. The default is

to use the system temporary directory.

/O[UTPUT]

[drive3:][path3]filename3 Specifies the file where the sorted input is

to be stored. If not specified, the data is

written to the standard output. Specifying

the output file is faster than redirecting

standard output to the same file.

START

Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.

START ["title"] [/Dpath] [/I] [/MIN] [/MAX] [/SEPARATE | /SHARED]

[/WAIT] [/B] [command/program]

[parameters]

"title" Title to display in window title bar.

path Starting directory

B Start application without creating a new window. The

application has ^C handling ignored. Unless the application

enables ^C processing, ^Break is the only way to interrupt

the application

I The new environment will be the original environment passed

to the cmd.exe and not the current environment.

MIN Start window minimized

MAX Start window maximized

SEPARATE Start 16-bit Windows program in separate memory space

SHARED Start 16-bit Windows program in shared memory space

LOW Start application in the IDLE priority class

NORMAL Start application in the NORMAL priority class

HIGH Start application in the HIGH priority class

REALTIME Start application in the REALTIME priority class

ABOVENORMAL Start application in the ABOVENORMAL priority class

BELOWNORMAL Start application in the BELOWNORMAL priority class

WAIT Start application and wait for it to terminate

command/program

If it is an internal cmd command or a batch file then

the command processor is run with the /K switch to cmd.exe.

This means that the window will remain after the command

has been run.

If it is not an internal cmd command or batch file then

it is a program and will run as either a windowed application

or a console application.

parameters These are the parameters passed to the command/program

If Command Extensions are enabled, external command invocation

through the command line or the START command changes as follows:

non-executable files may be invoked through their file association just

by typing the name of the file as a command. (e.g. WORD.DOC would

launch the application associated with the .DOC file extension).

See the ASSOC and FTYPE commands for how to create these

associations from within a command script.

When executing an application that is a 32-bit GUI application, CMD.EXE

does not wait for the application to terminate before returning to

the command prompt. This new behavior does NOT occur if executing

within a command script.

When executing a command line whose first token is the string "CMD "

without an extension or path qualifier, then "CMD" is replaced with

the value of the COMSPEC variable. This prevents picking up CMD.EXE

from the current directory.

When executing a command line whose first token does NOT contain an

extension, then CMD.EXE uses the value of the PATHEXT

environment variable to determine which extensions to look for

and in what order. The default value for the PATHEXT variable

is:

.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD

Notice the syntax is the same as the PATH variable, with

semicolons separating the different elements.

When searching for an executable, if there is no match on any extension,

then looks to see if the name matches a directory name. If it does, the

START command launches the Explorer on that path. If done from the

command line, it is the equivalent to doing a CD /D to that path.

SUBST

Associates a path with a drive letter.

SUBST [drive1: [drive2:]path]

SUBST drive1: /D

drive1: Specifies a virtual drive to which you want to assign a path.

[drive2:]path Specifies a physical drive and path you want to assign to

a virtual drive.

/D Deletes a substituted (virtual) drive.

Type SUBST with no parameters to display a list of current virtual drives.

TFTP

Transfers files to and from a remote computer running the TFTP service.

TFTP [-i] host [GET | PUT] source [destination]

-i Specifies binary image transfer mode (also called

octet). In binary image mode the file is moved

literally, byte by byte. Use this mode when

transferring binary files.

host Specifies the local or remote host.

GET Transfers the file destination on the remote host to

the file source on the local host.

PUT Transfers the file source on the local host to

the file destination on the remote host.

source Specifies the file to transfer.

destination Specifies where to transfer the file.

Also See: TFTP Commands

TIME

Displays or sets the system time.

TIME [/T | time]

Type TIME with no parameters to display the current time setting and a prompt

for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same time.

If Command Extensions are enabled the TIME command supports

the /T switch which tells the command to just output the

current time, without prompting for a new time.

TITLE

Sets the window title for the command prompt window.

TITLE [string]

string Specifies the title for the command prompt window.

TREE

Graphically displays the folder structure of a drive or path.

TREE [drive:][path] [/F] [/A]

/F Display the names of the files in each folder.

/A Use ASCII instead of extended characters.

TYPE

Displays the contents of a text file or files.

TYPE [drive:][path]filename

TYPEPERF

Typeperf writes performance data to the command window or to a log file. To

stop Typeperf, press CTRL+C.

Usage:

typeperf { <counter [counter ...]> | -cf <filename> | -q [object]

| -qx [object] } [options]

Parameters:

<counter [counter ...]> Performance counters to monitor.

Options:

-? Displays context sensitive help.

-f <CSV|TSV|BIN|SQL> Output file format. Default is CSV.

-cf <filename> File containing performance counters to

monitor, one per line.

-si <[[hh:]mm:]ss> Time between samples. Default is 1 second.

-o <filename> Path of output file or SQL database. Default

is STDOUT.

-q [object] List installed counters (no instances). To

list counters for one object, include the

object name, such as Processor.

-qx [object] List installed counters with instances. To

list counters for one object, include the

object name, such as Processor.

-sc <samples> Number of samples to collect. Default is to

sample until CTRL+C.

-config <filename> Settings file containing command options.

-s <computer_name> Server to monitor if no server is specified

in the counter path.

-y Answer yes to all questions without

prompting.

Note:

Counter is the full name of a performance counter in

"\\<Computer>\<Object>(<Instance>)\<Counter>" format,

such as "\\Server1\Processor(0)\% User Time".

Examples:

typeperf "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time"

typeperf -cf counters.txt -si 5 -sc 50 -f TSV -o domain2.tsv

typeperf -qx PhysicalDisk -o counters.txt

TRACERPT

Tracerpt processes binary Event Trace Session log files or real-time streams

from instrumented Event Trace providers and creates a report or a text (CSV)

file describing the events generated.

Usage:

tracerpt { <filename [filename ...]> | -rt <session_name [session_name ...]>

} [options]

Parameters:

<filename [filename ...]> Event Trace log file to process.

Options:

-? Displays context sensitive help.

-o [filename] Text (CSV) output file. Default is

dumpfile.csv.

-summary [filename] Summary report text file (CSV) file. Default

is summary.txt.

-report [filename] Text output report file. Default is

workload.txt.

-rt <session_name [session_name ...]> Real-time Event Trace Session data

source.

-config <filename> Settings file containing command options.

-y Answer yes to all questions without

prompting.

Examples:

tracerpt logfile1.etl logfile2.etl -o -report

tracerpt logfile.etl -o logdmp.csv -summary logdmp.txt -report logrpt.txt

tracerpt -rt EVENT_SESSION_1 EVENT_SESSION_2 -o logfile.csv

VER

Displays the Windows XP version.

VER

VERIFY

Tells cmd.exe whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a

disk.

VERIFY [ON | OFF]

Type VERIFY without a parameter to display the current VERIFY setting.

VOL

Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist.

VOL [drive:]

XCOPY

Copies files and directory trees.

XCOPY source [destination] [/A | /M] [/D[:date]] [/P] [/S [/E]] [/V] [/W]

[/C] [/I] [/Q] [/F] [/L] [/G] [/H] [/R] [/T] [/U]

[/K] [/N] [/O] [/X] [/Y] [/-Y] [/Z]

[/EXCLUDE:file1[+file2][+file3]...]

source Specifies the file(s) to copy.

destination Specifies the location and/or name of new files.

/A Copies only files with the archive attribute set,

doesn't change the attribute.

/M Copies only files with the archive attribute set,

turns off the archive attribute.

/D:m-d-y Copies files changed on or after the specified date.

If no date is given, copies only those files whose

source time is newer than the destination time.

/EXCLUDE:file1[+file2][+file3]...

Specifies a list of files containing strings. Each string

should be in a separate line in the files. When any of the

strings match any part of the absolute path of the file to be

copied, that file will be excluded from being copied. For

example, specifying a string like \obj\ or .obj will exclude

all files underneath the directory obj or all files with the

.obj extension respectively.

/P Prompts you before creating each destination file.

/S Copies directories and subdirectories except empty ones.

/E Copies directories and subdirectories, including empty ones.

Same as /S /E. May be used to modify /T.

/V Verifies each new file.

/W Prompts you to press a key before copying.

/C Continues copying even if errors occur.

/I If destination does not exist and copying more than one file,

assumes that destination must be a directory.

/Q Does not display file names while copying.

/F Displays full source and destination file names while copying.

/L Displays files that would be copied.

/G Allows the copying of encrypted files to destination that does

not support encryption.

/H Copies hidden and system files also.

/R Overwrites read-only files.

/T Creates directory structure, but does not copy files. Does not

include empty directories or subdirectories. /T /E includes

empty directories and subdirectories.

/U Copies only files that already exist in destination.

/K Copies attributes. Normal Xcopy will reset read-only attributes.

/N Copies using the generated short names.

/O Copies file ownership and ACL information.

/X Copies file audit settings (implies /O).

/Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an

existing destination file.

/-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an

existing destination file.

/Z Copies networked files in restartable mode.

The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable.

This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line.

Command Index

APPEND Allows programs to open data files as if they were in the current directory

ARP Displays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address ARP translation tables.

ASSOC Displays or modifies file extension associations.

AT Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer.

ATTRIB Displays or changes file attributes.

ATMADM Windows ATM Call Manager Statistics.

BOOTCFG Configures the boot.ini file.

BREAK Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.

CACLS Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files.

CALL Calls one batch program from another.

CD Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

CHCP Displays or sets the active code page number.

CHDIR Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

CHKDSK Checks a disk and displays a status report.

CHKNTFS Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time.

CIPHER Displays or alters the encryption of directories [files] on NTFS partitions.

CLS Clears the screen.

CMD Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter.

CMSTP Installs or removes a Connection Manager service profiles.

COLOR Sets the default console foreground and background colors.

COMMAND Command Interpreter

COMP Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.

COMPACT Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions.

CONVERT Converts FAT volumes to NTFS.

COPY Copies one or more files to another location.

CSCRIPT Microsoft Windows Script Host

DATE Displays or sets the date.

DEBUG A program testing and editing tool.

DEFRAG Disk Defragmenter.

DEL Deletes one or more files.

DIR Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.

DISKCOMP Compares the contents of two floppy disks.

DISKCOPY Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.

DISKPART Disk Partition Utility.

DOSKEY Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros.

DRIVERQUERY Enables an administrator to enumerate and display the list of

installed device drivers as well as their properties.

ECHO Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off.

EDIT MS-DOS Editor

EDLIN A line-oriented text editor.

ENDLOCAL Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.

ERASE Deletes one or more files.

EVENTCREATE Create a custom event ID and message in a specified event log.

EXIT Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter).

FC Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences

between them.

FIND Searches for a text string in a file or files.

FINDSTR Searches for strings in files.

FOR Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.

FORMAT Formats a disk for use with Windows.

FTP Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service

FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations.

GOTO Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in a

batch program.

GRAFTABL Enables Windows to display an extended character set in graphics

mode.

HELP Provides Help information for Windows commands.

IF Performs conditional processing in batch programs.

IPCONFIG IP Configuration.

KB16 Configures a keyboard for a specific language.

LABEL Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.

LOADFIX Loads a program above the first 64K of memory, and runs the program.

MD Creates a directory.

MEM Displays the amount of used and free memory in your system.

MKDIR Creates a directory.

MODE Configures a system device.

MORE Displays output one screen at a time.

MOVE Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory.

PATH Displays or sets a search path for executable files.

PAUSE Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message.

PING Ping a network connection

POPD Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD.

PRINT Prints a text file.

PROMPT Changes the Windows command prompt.

PUSHD Saves the current directory then changes it.

RD Removes a directory.

RECOVER Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.

REM Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS.

REN Renames a file or files.

RENAME Renames a file or files.

REPLACE Replaces files.

RMDIR Removes a directory.

SET Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables.

SETLOCAL Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file.

SHIFT Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files.

SORT Sorts input.

START Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.

SUBST Associates a path with a drive letter.

TFTP Transfers files to and from a remote computer running the TFTP service.

TIME Displays or sets the system time.

TITLE Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session.

TREE Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.

TYPE Displays the contents of a text file.

TYPEPERF Writes performance data to the command window or to a log file.

TRACERPT Processes binary Event Trace Session log files or real-time streams

VER Displays the Windows version.

VERIFY Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written

Correctly to a disk.

VOL Displays a disk volume label and serial number.

XCOPY Copies files and directory trees.